Acute respiratory failure as a perioperative complication of percutaneous nephrolithotomy en patients with total coraliform lithiasis

Abstract

Introduction: Renal lithiasis accounts for 20-30 % of urology consultations worldwide.
Objective: To identify the frequency of acute respiratory failure as a perioperative complication of percutaneous nephrolithotomy in patients with total staghorn lithiasis.
Methods: A descriptive study was conducted with patients diagnosed with staghorn lithiasis and admitted for elective percutaneous nephrolithotomy at Hermanos Ameijeiras Clinical-Surgical Hospital between September 1st, 2014 and January 28, 2017.
Results: 55 patients were studied. There was a significant predominance of women (70.9 % versus 29.1 %, Z=3.0511, p= 0.0023). The minimum age was 23 years and the maximum age, 70 years. The average age was 49.75 years. It can be observed that 50.9 % of the patients were ASA I, 32.7% were ASA II, and 16.4 % were ASA III. The most frequent risk factors were renal sepsis and nephritic colic (58.2 % and 56.4 %, respectively). Among the non-communicable chronic diseases, the most frequent were arterial hypertension and ischemic heart disease. The habit of smoking was present in 47.3 % of the total, as well as alcohol consumption (18.2 %). All patients received general anesthesia. Surgical time predominated at length between 2 and 3 hours (67.3 %). There were no complications during the intraoperative period. In the postoperative period, 23.6 % had mild hypoxemia, 5.5 % moderate hypoxemia and 3.6 %, severe hypoxemia.
Conclusions: Acute respiratory failure was corroborated as a perioperative complication of percutaneous nephrolithotomy in patients with total staghorn lithiasis.