Conducta anestésica en la cirugía de citorreducción y quimioterapia hipertérmica intraoperatoria
Palabras clave:
Protocolo anestésico en la citorreducción y quimioterapia intraoperatoria., protocolo anestésico en la citorreducción; quimioterapia intraoperatoria.Resumen
Introducción: La cirugía de citorreducción asociada a quimioterapia hipertérmica intraperitoneal implica una serie de cambios fisiológicos, que el anestesiólogo debe identificar y tratar. Objetivo: Evaluar los resultados de la implementación de un protocolo de anestesia para la citorreducción y quimioterapia intraoperatoria en la carcinosis peritoneal. Método: Se realizó un estudio, prospectivo, longitudinal y descriptivo con pacientes sujetos a citorreducción y quimioterapia hipertérmica intraoperatoria, durante el período comprendido de septiembre del 2019 a septiembre del 2022. Resultados: La edad promedio fue 50,5 años. El 71,4 % tuvo un tumor de ovario, de ellos, el 50 % presentó un índice de carcinosis peritoneal ≤ 20. Las complicaciones anestésicas intraoperatorias fueron acidosis metabólica 11 casos (78,6 %), seguido de la anemia en el 50 % y la hiperglicemia con 42,8 %. En el periodo posoperatorio inmediato, se presentó la acidosis metabólica en 12 casos (85,7 %). En cuanto a la reanimación guiada por objetivos hemodinámicos, el 50 % registro tensión arterial media normal y 50 % disminuida. El 78,6 % de los casos respondieron al volumen y el 28,6 % fueron dependientes de postcarga. No hubo ningún paciente dependiente de la contractilidad. El 64,3 % tuvo un INL preoperatorio ≤ 3,5, de ello, el 50 % tuvo una estadía en la UCI ≤ 3 días. La estadía posoperatoria fue ≤ 7 días en el 92,9 %. Conclusiones: Los sujetos incluidos fueron en su mayoría mujeres en la mediana edad. El protocolo propuesto resultó apropiado pues permitió realizar la cirugía con escasas complicaciones perioperatorias y corta estadía en cuidados intensivos y hospitalaria. El patrón hemodinámico más frecuente fue el hipovolémico con buena respuesta al volumen. El índice neutrófilo linfocito preoperatorio, parece ser un buen predictor de resultados posoperatorios.
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